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Table of contents
7

Presentation
9

Introduction. Europe and globalisation
15

Populism and nationalism versus Europeanism
21

A modest resurgence of social policy in a Europe threatened by persistent poverty and inequality
33

EU economic policy in 2016. An incomplete EMU: towards a fiscal union
41

The United States and Europe: the end of an era
53

EU 2016: another step to being an important global power
65

The defence policy of the European Union within the framework of a Global Strategy on Foreign and Security Policy
75

The European energy union: spurning integration or business as usual?
85

EU refugee policy in crisis
95

Brexit: negotiating the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union
105

Reviving the debate on political union after Brexit
115

The Digital Agenda
123

Recommendations
133

Biographies
141

Acronyms
147