THE STATE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. Reforming Europe in a time of war

THE STATE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION 102 member of the Scientific Council of Real Instituto Elcano and professor in the master programme on the European Union of the Institute of European Studies at the Univer- sity CEU-San Pablo. He has co-written several books on European issues and writes regularly for various media. The Spanish government awarded him the Order of Con- stitutional Merit and the Order of Civil Merit for his work related to the European Union and foreign affairs, and he has received the Medal of the European Parliament. He is a university graduate in tourism. José Enrique de Ayala. Brigadier General of the Army, retired. Ayala holds diplomas from the Spanish Army General Staff and Joint Staff Colleges as well as a degree in International Relations from the Centre for International Studies. He has served as military attaché to the Spanish Embassy in Germany and as Chief of Staff of the Eurocorps. As an international policy analyst specialized in the European Union, he collaborates with numerous media both written and audio-visual. He is a member of the European Affairs Advisory Committee of Fundación Alternativas. Claudia Detsch is director of the FES Competence Centre “Socially Just Climate Policy in Europe”, based in Brussels. Her previous positions at FES include edi- tor-in-chief of the IPG Journal and director of the New IPG Journal and director of the New Society; she also headed the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung’s office in Ecuador. Claudia is a sociologist by training. Paloma Favieres has been coordinator of the state legal service of the Spanish Commission for Refugee Aid (CEAR) since 2012.A counsellor of the Illustrious Bar As- sociation of Madrid since 1990, she is an expert counsel in Human Rights, Migration and Asylum. She specialises in legal advice to applicants for international protection and refugees in the territory and at border posts, as well as in litigation before the Spanish and, when necessary, European courts. Representative of the organisation in the European Council on Refugees and Exiles network (ECRE). Member of the Legal Committee of the Forum for the integration of immigrants in Spain. Representative of the organisation in the Council for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination or Ethnic (Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality).Writer of the CEAR Annual Report on the situation of refugees in Spain. Francisco Fonseca Murillo is Professor of Inter- national Public Law at the University of Valladolid and Director of the Institute of European Studies at the UVA. He holds a PhD in Law from the University of Valladolid and a degree in Political Science and Sociology from the Complutense University of Madrid. He started to work for the European Commission in 1986, holding differ- ent positions in the Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs and in the cabinet of the former Commissioner for Justice and Home Affairs, Antonio Vi- torino, and as Deputy Director General for Justice and Consumers. He was also Director of the Representation of the Office of the European Commission in Spain. He has participated in the preparation of many academic works on Community law and the European Union and is the author of numerous publications. Mercedes Guinea Llorente is professor of Inter- national Relations at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Guinea Llorente is a specialist in European in- tegration. Her primary lines of research are the political model of the European Union and European foreign poli- cy. In 2016 she collaborated with Fundación Alternativas as the co-author of Renegotiation by the United Kingdom of its constitutional relationship with the European Un- ion: Issues related to Sovereignty, a study commissioned by European Parliament’s Committee on Parliamentary Affairs and conducted jointly with Francisco Aldecoa. Björn Hacker is professor of European Economic Policy at the University of Applied Sciences (HTW) Berlin. He is member of the academic advisory board of the Institut fur Europäische Politik (IEP). His main areas of research include European Economic Governance, Euro-