THE STATE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Towards a new legislative term

Contents	5
Introduction. The challenges facing Europe	7
I. THE INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT	11
European identity and the new geopolitics	13
Improving European governance and the future of Europe	19
Perspectives for future enlargements of the Union	27
Situation of the Rule of Law in the European Union. The Annual Mechanism	37
European defence in the aftermath of the war in Ukraine: is strategic autonomy a genuinely shared and realistic objective?	49
2022-2023: Confederal progress compatible with federal deepening	67
II. THE POLITICS	75
Five years with the Pillar of Social Rights: Europe’s social situation in times of crises	77
Migration and asylum policies	87
The member states have to make some far-reaching decisions: What can a common European industrial strategy look like in the climate-neutral age? What principles should guide their external energy and trade policy?	95
The European Green Deal and the Carbon Pricing Policies to Reach a Net-Zero Economy: The Revised Emission Trading System and the Carbon Border Adjustement Mechanism	105
Biographies	113

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