Libro blanco de las ACES Pediátricas 2024

Libro Blanco de las ACES Pediátricas 2024 662 ❚ d. Diagnosis and clinical manifestations 1. History 2. Physical examination a. Know that lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis/pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia can be associated with hepatosplenomegaly, clubbing, and parotid gland swelling 3. Imaging a. Recognize lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis on radiographic study of the chest in the setting of HIV/AIDS b. Recognize Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) infection on radiographic study of the chest in the setting of HIV/AIDS 4. Pulmonary function tests 5. Other investigations a. Know the importance of excluding cardiomyopathy and pulmonary edema in a child with HIV/AIDS who has acute respiratory distress b. Know that IgG antibody-based diagnostic tests for HIV may reflect maternal antibody and not infection of the infant in the first months of life c. Know the role of bronchoalveolar lavage and induced sputum in the diagnosis of opportunistic infection d. Know the role of evaluating CD4 counts in assessing risk for infection and need for prophylaxis of Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) 6. Diagnostic criteria a. Know the diagnostic criteria for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex, as established by the Center for Disease Control 7. Complications a. Know that atypical mycobacteria can cause pulmonary and disseminated disease in patients with immunodeficiency b. Know that HIV/AIDS patients are at increased risk for tuberculosis c. Know that HIV/AIDS patients are at risk for severe infections from common viral agents: herpes simplex, CMV, RSV, and other respiratory pathogens d. Know that neonatal HIV/AIDS patients are at risk for severe infections from common encapsulated bacteria: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae e. Know that HIV/AIDS patients are at risk for severe infections from fungi: Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii), Candida albicans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus species, Coccidioides immitis e. Prevention and therapeutic approach 1. Prevention a. Know the role of maternal anti-retroviral therapy and neonatal anti-retroviral therapy in reducing the risk of neonatal transmission of HIV 2. Therapeutic approach a. Know the treatment of tuberculosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome b. Recognize the indications for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome