Libro blanco de las ACES Pediátricas 2024

Neumología Pediátrica. Anexos ❚ 663 c. Know the therapeutic agents and approaches that are used in prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome d. Know the antimicrobial agents that are useful in the treatment of acute Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome e. Know that corticosteroids are adjunctive therapeutic agents in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who have acute Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) pneumonia 3. Side effects of therapy a. Recognize the nonpulmonary side effects of antimicrobial agents used to treat patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who have Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) pneumonia b. Know that bronchospasm caused by inhalation of pentamidine can be prevented by prior inhalation of albuterol f. Prognosis 1. Natural history 2. Prognosis with therapy a. Know that disseminated atypical mycobacterial pulmonary infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is usually lethal despite antibacterial therapy b. Know that the prognosis of HIV/AIDS is significantly improved with use of highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART) 2. Miscellaneous immunosuppressive disorders a. Epidemiology 1. Know that common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most prevalent of the primary immunodeficiency diseases b. Etiology/genetics 1. Know the main diagnostic categories of patients with immunosuppression at risk for lung infection: primary immunodeficiencies, immuno-suppressive therapy (systemic corticosteroids in autoimmune disease, cancer patients, transplant patients), and HIV/AIDS c. Pathophysiology 1. Pathology a. Recognize the typical pathologic findings in patients with chronic granulomatous disease b. Know that T-cell immunodeficiency is associated with increased risk for intracellular pathogens (e.g., viruses, fungi, and mycobacteria) c. Know that T-cell immunodeficiency is associated with increased risk for severe infection from common respiratory viruses such as RSV and parainfluenza d. Know that patients with neutrophil, immunoglobulin, or complement deficiency are at increased risk for severe bacterial infections 2. Path mechanisms and consequences