Libro blanco de las ACES Pediátricas 2024

Neumología Pediátrica. Anexos ❚ 709 B. Lung cells and products 1. Type I alveolar cell a. Know that type I and type II alveolar cells form tight junctions b. Know that type I alveolar epithelial cells cover more than 90% of alveolar surface although they are less numerous than type II epithelial cells c. Know that a type I cell arises from a type II cell and is a terminally differentiated cell incapable of division 2. Type II alveolar epithelial cell a. Know the structural features of type II alveolar epithelial cells b. Know that type II alveolar cells secrete pulmonary surfactant c. Know that type II epithelial cells can divide d. Know that pulmonary alveolar epithelium reabsorbs edema fluid, in part by actively transporting ions e. Know the components of surfactant (ie, protein and phospholipids) 3. Airway epithelial cell a. Understand the structural and functional differences between the apical and basolateral membranes of airway epithelial cells b. Know the function of tight junctions in airway epithelium c. Know that the principal site of nitric oxide production in the lower respiratory tract is the epithelial cell 4. Endothelial cell a. Know that von Willebrand factor is synthesized by and is a characteristic feature of endothelium b. Understand the mechanisms by which the cell surface influences coagulation/fibrinolysis c. Know the actions of vasoactive compounds derived from endothelial cells d. Know the location and functions of angiotensin-converting enzyme e. Know which circulating compounds are metabolized by endothelium during their passage through the pulmonary circulation 5. Alveolar macrophage a. Know that macrophages release cytokines b. Know the functions of alveolar macrophages c. Know the precursor cell of the alveolar macrophages d. Know the role of granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and PU.1 on alveolar macrophage function e. Understand the role of alveolar macrophages in surfactant homeostasis 6. Lymphocytes a. Identify lymphocyte subtypes and their functions b. Know that lymphocytes release cytokines c. Know the difference between a TH1 and a TH2 response d. Identify the major lymphocyte subsets by cell surface markers and their primary function (eg, CD4+ cells (T-helper cells)) 7. Leukocytes a. Know that the lung has large numbers of leukocytes and also is the predominant site of the "marginated pool" of leukocytes