Libro blanco de las ACES Pediátricas 2024

Neumología Pediátrica. Anexos ❚ 723 a. Know the types of cell that accumulate in an acute inflammatory reaction b. Recognize an acute inflammatory response within the lung (on histology) 2. Chronic a. Know the time course of accumulation of mononuclear phagocytes in an inflammatory reaction b. Recognize a granulomatous inflammatory response within the lung (on histology) 2. Initiation of inflammation a. Stimuli of inflammation 1. Immunologic a. Understand the role of cytotoxic T-cells in the development of graft rejection and viral pneumonitis b. Understand the relative contributions of specific antibodies, antigen- antibody complexes, and sensitized T-cells on the pathophysiology of common immunologic lung diseases c. Understand the mechanism of action of immune suppressive drugs used in patients who have had a lung transplant 2. Nonimmunologic a. Identify the products of airway epithelial cells that can contribute to airway inflammation b. Recognize the factors that contribute to neutrophil chemotaxis in the lung c. Know the mechanisms responsible for squamous metaplasia of the airway epithelium b. Chemical mediators of inflammation 1. Vasodilation a. Know which mediators of inflammation are vasodilators 2. Altered permeability 3. Cellular infiltration a. Know that proteolytic degradation of C3 and C5 generate neutrophil chemotactic factors b. Know that an early feature of airway damage is impairment of ciliary function c. Know that IL-8 and LT-B4 are potent neutrophil chemoattractant factors d. Identify the role of IL-5 as an eosinophil chemoattractant 4. Mediators that control inflammation a. Know which mediators reduce the inflammatory response (eg, soluble TNF receptors, IL-10, etc) b. Know that exhaled nitric oxide is increased in the presence of asthmatic inflammation c. Identify the roles of IL-4, IL-13, and LT-D4 in asthmatic inflammation 3. Cells - actions/interactions a. Granulocytes 1. Neutrophils and their products a. Know the mechanism by which neutrophil elastase causes lung injury 2. Eosinophils and their actions a. Know the mechanisms of eosinophil-mediated lung inflammation