Libro blanco de las ACES Pediátricas 2024

Libro Blanco de las ACES Pediátricas 2024 490 ❚ 16 8.1.3 Physiology of postnatal adaptation: Respiratory, cardiovascular and other physiological changes at birth, also in the context of potential interventions. Development of organ systems and physiological changes after birth. Physiology of breast feeding. 8.1.4 Pathophysiology of prematurity: Respiratory development and pathology including surfactant deficiency and its sequelae. Cardiovascular problems including recognition and treatment of patent ductus arteriosus or persisting pulmonary hypertension. Gastrointestinal development and feeding, renal maturation and fluid balance; pathogenesis of and risk factors for necrotising enterocolitis. Neurological problems, including pathogenesis of intraventricular haemorrhage and periventricular leucomalacia. 8.1.5 Pathophysiology of conditions encountered in premature and mature infants: Congenital abnormalities and their management. Perinatal hypoxia and consequences of hypoxia and ischemia. Metabolic adaptation to postnatal life. Inborn errors of metabolism including screening programmes for their detection. Neonatal immunity and pathogenesis of perinatal / neonatal infection. 8.1.6 Pharmacology in the perinatal/neonatal period: Pharmacokinetics in the term and preterm newborn, drug toxicity and interactions. Influence of maternal medication on neonatal condition, effects of maternal drug abuse on the foetus and newborn infant, and transmission of drugs via breast milk. 8.1.7 Principles of neonatal care: Theory and organisation of resuscitation/stabilisation based on the up- to-date European Resuscitation Council (ERC) / International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) guidelines. Delivery room set-up following and debriefing following the Delivery Room Intensive Care Unit (DRICU) concept. Conceptual and interpretation of SpO 2 and heart rate monitoring using pulse oximetry according to timing after birth. Individual titration of the inspired fraction of oxygen (FiO 2 ) according to the SpO 2 nomogram for term and preterm infants. Principles of non-invasive ventilation in the delivery room (DR). Drug management in the DR. Ethical aspects of resuscitation. Respiratory care, including adequate provision of ongoing non-invasive respiratory support andmechanical ventilation, endotracheal intubation and delivery of respiratory support. Management of complications and long-term sequelae of prolonged neonatal ventilation. Management of hyperbilirubinaemia, including indication for, and how to set up, an exchange transfusion. Cardiovascular support, assessment of cardiovascular system including need assessment for addressing treatment of a patent arterial duct. Postnatal growth, breast feeding, role of milk banks in the NICU, composition and use of dietetic formulae and supplements. Assessment of fluid balance and nutritional requirements, provision of adequate nutrition and monitoring of postnatal growth, primary promotion of breastfeeding, provision of own mother’s and donor milk, fortification, composition of dietetic formulae. Parenteral nutrition, prescription, administration and indications. Assessment, diagnosis and management of severe enteral diseases. Neonatal skin and thermal care. Assessment of fluid balance and nutritional requirements. Assessment of bone mineralisation. Assessment of structural and functional integrity of the brain using clinical examination and special investigations. Prognosis of major neuropathology, screening preterm and 'at risk' babies for retinopathy and hearing loss. Diagnosis and assessment of congenital abnormality and dysmorphology. Investigation of suspected inborn errors of metabolism. Use of genetic investigations and diagnostic aids. Routine care of the newborn in relation to jaundice, breast feeding, infections. Screening for neonatal disease by examination and investigation. Early, medium term and late sequelae of neonatal and perinatal events and ethical issues in neonatal care. 8.1.8 Follow-up of high-risk infants: Outcomes associated with perinatal high-risk groups (e.g.