LIBRO + ANEXOS NEUMOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA

Neumología Pediátrica. Anexos ❚ 107 1. Recognize the limitations of standard radiographic techniques in identifying the presence of a subglottic hemangioma d. Other investigations 1. Recognize the appearance of a subglottic hemangioma on fiberoptic endoscopy e. Diagnostic criteria f. Complications 1. Recognize that a subglottic hemangioma may increase in size, resulting in worsening of airway obstruction 4. Therapeutic approach a. Know potential medical therapies for a clinically significant subglottic hemangioma b. Recognize the indications for tracheostomy in a child with a subglottic hemangioma 5. Prognosis a. Natural history 1. Recognize that an airway hemangioma is likely to shrink with age and usually does not require therapy b. Prognosis with therapy i. Laryngotracheoesophageal cleft 1. Epidemiology a. Recognize that laryngotracheoesophageal cleft is a rare cause of recurrent aspiration 2. Etiology/Genetics 3. Pathophysiology a. Pathology b. Path mechanisms and consequences 1. Recognize that laryngotracheoesophageal cleft is a defect that involves the anterior wall of the upper esophagus and the posterior aspect of the larynx, with the defect lying in the interarytenoid space 4. Diagnosis and clinical manifestations a. History 1. Recognize that recurrent aspiration with feeding is the most common clinical history associated with laryngotracheoesophageal cleft b. Physical examination c. Imaging 1. Recognize the radiographic appearance of a laryngotracheoesophageal cleft on a barium swallow d. Other investigations 1. Know that direct laryngoscopy rather than transnasal fiberoptic bronchoscopy is the method of choice for visualizing laryngotracheoesophageal cleft e. Complications 5. Prevention and therapeutic approach a. Prevention b. Therapeutic approach