LIBRO + ANEXOS NEUMOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA

Neumología Pediátrica. Anexos ❚ 113 16. Know that neurenteric cysts are associated with vertebral abnormalities 17. Know that a negative neutrophil oxidative burst test is associated with chronic granulomatous disease b. Path mechanisms and consequences 1. Know that lobes involved in congenital lobar emphysema and cystic adenomatoid malformations may compromise respiratory reserve by compressing uninvolved lobes 2. Know that congenital diaphragmatic hernia is usually associated with hypoplasia of the ipsilateral and, to a lesser extent, of the contralateral lung 3. Know that in individuals with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, respiratory compromise at birth is exacerbated by bowel distention 4. Know that limited gas exchange capability and increased pulmonary vascular resistance are primary physiologic abnormalities in pulmonary hypoplasia 5. Know that aspiration is the primary cause of lung injury in patients with tracheoesophageal fistula 6. Know that patients with extrinsic compression of the trachea (as in vascular ring) characteristically have relatively normal oxygenation despite significant respiratory distress 7. Know that central airway obstruction can be caused by a complete tracheal rings 8. Know that tracheomalacia is associated with dynamic collapse of the trachea 9. Know why airway obstruction due to tracheomalacia commonly worsens with disease causing peripheral airway obstruction such as bronchiolitis 4. Diagnosis and clinical manifestations a. History 1. Know that congenital lesions that occupy intrathoracic space may manifest as respiratory insufficiency (newborn); as respiratory distress w/minor respiratory infections (1st yr); or as asymptomatic findings on x-ray study of the chest 2. Know that congenital diaphragmatic hernia is usually symptomatic at birth but can be an unexpected finding on x-ray study of the chest later in life 3. Know that sequestered lobes are usually asymptomatic until infected 4. Know that recurrent "pneumonia" in the same lobe with persistently abnormal findings on x-ray study of the chest are suggestive of a pulmonary sequestration 5. Know that cystic adenomatoid malformation commonly becomes symptomatic in the newborn period or early infancy 6. Know that an individual with a vascular ring may have dysphagia b. Physical examination 1. Know that the chest may be small in individuals with lung hypoplasia c. Imaging 1. Recognize findings typical of pulmonary sequestration on chest radiograph and computed tomography of the chest 2. Recognize findings typical of congenital lobar emphysema on chest radiograph and computed tomography of the chest 3. Recognize findings typical of cystic adenomatoid malformation on chest radiograph and computed tomography of the chest