LIBRO + ANEXOS NEUMOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA

Libro Blanco de las ACES Pediátricas 2024 118 ❚ 5. Understand the relation between (PaO2 and PaCO2) and changes in spirometry in asthma 6. Recognize the patterns of PaCO2 and PaO2 values in an acute asthma attack that progresses to respiratory failure 7. Understand the mechanisms that lead to hypoxemia in asthma 8. Understand the mechanisms that lead to alteration of PaCO2 in acute asthma 9. Understand the utility and limitations of a peak flow meter in the management of asthma 10. Understand that significant variation between morning and evening peak flow rates indicates worsening asthma 11. Know that an adequate exercise challenge test requires near maximal exercise for at least 6 minutes 12. Understand the time sequence of bronchodilation and bronchoconstriction during exercise in asthmatic children 13. Know the indications and specificity of the methacholine challenge in the diagnosis of asthma 14. Know that bronchial provocation tests can normalize with treatment in children with asthma 15. Understand that lung function in a child with moderate asthma commonly demonstrates normal FVC and FEV1 values, but a diminished FEV1/FVC ratio e. Other investigations 1. Recognize the general laboratory findings characteristic of an atopic child 2. Understand the usefulness and limitations of radioallergosorbent tests and IgE measurements in the assessment of asthmatic patients 3. Understand that allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is associated with a markedly increased serum IgE concentration f. Diagnostic criteria 1. Know the criteria for a positive exercise test for exercise-induced asthma; i.e. a 10% decline in FEV1 2. Know how to interpret PC20 data from a methacholine challenge g. Complications 1. Know that lobar atelectasis is a complication of asthma 2. Know that pneumothorax is a life-threatening complication of acute asthma 3. Know the contraindications for bronchial provocation tests 4. Understand how allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis can complicate asthma 5. Know the diagnostic criteria for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 6. Know the therapy for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 7. Know the clinical and laboratory manifestations of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 5. Prevention and therapeutic approach a. Prevention 1. Understand the importance of allergen identification and avoidance in patients with asthma 2. Understand the importance of eliminating smoke from the environment of a patient with asthma