LIBRO + ANEXOS NEUMOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA

Libro Blanco de las ACES Pediátricas 2024 120 ❚ 26. Know the appropriate management of fluids in children with asthma 27. Recognize how to assess adherence with metered-dose inhaler therapy 28. Know the proposed mechanisms of actions for leukotriene modifiers in patients with asthma 29. Recognize that the treatment for uncomplicated pneumomediastinum consists of treating the underlying cause, rest, analgesics, and simple clinical monitoring 30. Know the indications and therapeutic guidelines for using combination drugs containing beta-agonists and long-acting corticosteroids in acute asthma 31. Know that long-acting beta-agonist monotherapy is contraindicated in children with asthma 32. Know that inhaled corticosteroids are the preferred controller medications used in persistent asthma 33. Know the relative potency of common inhaled corticosteroids 34. Know that inhaled corticosteroid dose should be increased in a stepwise manner with increased impairment (symptoms/lung function) and/or risk 35. Know that the dose response curve for inhaled corticosteroids reaches a plateau at moderate doses in the majority of patients c. Side effects of therapy 1. Know that administration of systemic beta-agonists is associated with more side effects than inhaled beta-agonists 2. Understand the risks of mechanical ventilation associated with the treatment of severe acute asthma 3. Know the manifestations of adrenal suppression in asthmatic patients being treated with inhaled and systemic corticosteroids 4. Recognize the side effects of long-term treatment of asthma with oral corticosteroids 5. Recognize that asthmatic children given high-dose inhaled corticosteroids may require systemic corticosteroids during stress 6. Recognize the side effects of long-term treatment of asthma with corticosteroids by inhalation 7. Know the side effects of anticholinergic drugs in the management of acute asthma 8. Know the side effects of theophylline in the management of acute asthma 9. Know the side effects of intravenous beta-agonists in the management of acute asthma 10. Know the side effects of inhaled beta-agonists in the management of acute asthma 11. Know the potential drug interactions in the treatment of acute asthma 12. Understand the factors that contribute to atelectasis in patients with asthma (eg, airway plugging, oxygen therapy, muscle paralysis, endotracheal intubation) 6. Prognosis a. Natural history 1. Recognize that in patients with asthma, symptoms of asthma may decrease while airway reactivity remains increased 2. Know the relationship between age of onset and severity of childhood asthma 3. Know the mortality rate and predictors of mortality in children with asthma