LIBRO + ANEXOS NEUMOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA

Neumología Pediátrica. Anexos ❚ 141 a. Know the etiologies of chylothorax b. Know that an imbalance between fluid reabsorption and filtration determines the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space c. Know the subdiaphragmatic processes that may lead to pleural effusions d. Know the etiologies of pleural effusion 3. Pathophysiology a. Pathology b. Path mechanisms and consequences 1. Know the pathophysiology of parapneumonic effusions 2. Know that lymphoma may be associated with pleural effusions 3. Know that congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia is associated with chylous effusion in the neonatal period 4. Diagnosis and clinical manifestations a. History b. Physical examination 1. Recognize the physical findings characteristic of a pleural effusion c. Imaging 1. Recognize the limitations of a supine-view x-ray study of the chest in detecting pleural effusion 2. Recognize findings typical of a pleural effusion on x-ray study of the chest 3. Recognize the role of lateral/decubitus-view x-ray studies of the chest in the evaluation of a pleural effusion 4. Recognize the role of ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT scan) of the chest in the evaluation of a pleural effusion d. Pulmonary function tests e. Other investigations 1. Recognize the physical and chemical characteristics typical of pleural effusions due to various causes (eg, chylous effusion, simple transudate, exudate) 2. Recognize the indications for thoracentesis in a child with a pleural effusion 3. Know the proper procedure for performing thoracentesis in a child 4. Know the differential diagnosis of a bloody pleural effusion f. Diagnostic criteria g. Complications 5. Prevention and therapeutic approach a. Prevention b. Therapeutic approach 1. Know the management of malignant pleural effusions 2. Know the management of chylothorax 3. Know the management of pleural effusions (transudates and exudates) 4. Know the management of empyema c. Side effects of therapy 6. Prognosis a. Natural history