LIBRO + ANEXOS NEUMOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA

Neumología Pediátrica. Anexos ❚ 143 a. Natural history 1. Recognize the risk of recurrence of a pneumothorax in children with obstructive lung disease (ie, cystic fibrosis) b. Prognosis with therapy 1. Know that pleural abrasion is more effective than chemical agents in reducing the risk of recurrent pneumothorax in patients with cystic fibrosis c. Mediastinum 1. Epidemiology 2. Etiology/genetics a. Know that histoplasmosis is the most common cause of fibrosing mediastinitis 3. Pathophysiology a. Pathology b. Path mechanisms and consequences 1. Know the pathophysiology of pneumomediastinum 4. Diagnosis and clinical manifestations a. History 1. Recognize the clinical manifestations of a mediastinal mass 2. Recognize the clinical picture of acute bacterial mediastinitis b. Physical examination 1. Know that mediastinal masses may not be apparent on physical examination 2. Know that the respiratory findings typical of mediastinal masses are generally secondary to airway compression 3. Recognize the importance of evaluating the patient with a mediastinal mass for superior vena cava syndrome 4. Recognize the importance of evaluating pulsus paradoxus in the patient at risk for cardiac tamponade or venous obstruction in a patient with a large mediastinal mass c. Imaging 1. Know the differential diagnosis of the radiographic finding of a mass in each of the four compartments of the mediastinum 2. Recognize indications for plain x-ray studies of the chest in the evaluation of a mediastinal mass 3. Recognize indications for computed tomography (CT scan) of the chest in the evaluation of a mediastinal mass 4. Recognize indications for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of a mediastinal mass 5. Recognize the radiographic appearance of a pneumomediastinum 6. Know which masses are likely to occur in the anterior, posterior, middle, and superior mediastinum d. Pulmonary function tests 1. Know that a patient with a mediastinal mass may have a pulmonary function test pattern suggestive of a fixed intrathoracic obstruction e. Other investigations