LIBRO + ANEXOS NEUMOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA

Neumología Pediátrica. Anexos ❚ 149 b. Prognosis with therapy K. Aspiration/inhalation injuries 1. Foreign body aspiration a. Epidemiology 1. Know that the majority of patients who aspirate foreign bodies are 3 years old or less b. Etiology/genetics 1. Recognize retained foreign body aspiration as an etiology of recurrent pneumonia 2. Know that in patients with symptomatic foreign body aspiration 80% are the result of peanut aspiration 3. Know that many cases of aspiration are not observed, resulting in delayed diagnosis c. Pathophysiology 1. Pathology 2. Path mechanisms and consequences a. Describe why the lung distal to a foreign body can be either overinflated or underinflated b. Recognize the roles of esophageal foreign body in producing airway obstruction c. Understand the mechanisms of hemoptysis following foreign body aspiration d. Know the mechanisms by which a retained foreign body leads to bronchiectasis e. Understand the acute pathophysiologic consequences of foreign body aspiration in the mainstem bronchus d. Diagnosis and clinical manifestations 1. History a. Know that a patient with an aspirated foreign body can be asymptomatic for hours or days after aspiration 2. Physical examination a. Recognize the clinical presentation of foreign body aspiration b. Recognize auscultatory findings typical of foreign body aspiration 3. Imaging a. Describe the imaging techniques used in the diagnosis of foreign body aspiration (inspiratory-expiratory chest films, lateral decubitus chest films) b. Recognize radiologic findings typical of aspirated foreign body c. Recognize the limitations of imaging techniques in diagnosing foreign bodies 4. Pulmonary function tests 5. Other investigations 6. Other diagnostic criteria a. Know the best methods for documenting chronic lipoid pneumonia in children 7. Complications a. Recognize the chronic sequelae of retained aspirated foreign bodies