LIBRO + ANEXOS NEUMOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA

Libro Blanco de las ACES Pediátricas 2024 156 ❚ 2. Identify endothelial and epithelial cell functions that are impaired in patients with oxygen toxicity and know the time frame of this dysfunction 3. Know that prolonged exposure to high concentrations of oxygen or volutrauma can result in increased alveolar-capillary membrane permeability to solutes 4. Know that the higher compliance of the airways in a prematurely born infant may accentuate barotrauma and volutrauma injury 5. Know that bronchopulmonary dysplasia is associated with excess fluid administration or fluid retention in the newborn period 6. Know that hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle develops in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia 7. Know that hypertrophy of pulmonary artery smooth muscle develops in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia 8. Know that the appearance of leukocytes and their proteolytic enzymes in tracheobronchial fluids is associated with the evolution of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome to bronchopulmonary dysplasia 9. Know the pathophysiologic consequences of airway obstruction in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia 10. Know that premature birth is associated with altered airway structure favoring obstruction, even in the absence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia 4. Diagnosis and clinical manifestations a. History 1. Know that bronchopulmonary dysplasia can occur in infants of any gestational age who have neonatal lung injury b. Physical examination 1. Know that recurrent wheezing frequently occurs in patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia c. Imaging 1. Recognize the features of bronchopulmonary dysplasia on imaging studies of the chest 2. Know that during the first month after birth, chlamydial pneumonitis may mimic the picture of bronchopulmonary dysplasia on radiographic study of the chest d. Pulmonary function tests (see Prognosis) 1. Recognize pulmonary function abnormalities in patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia e. Other investigations f. Diagnostic criteria 1. Know the diagnostic criteria for bronchopulmonary dysplasia g. Complications 1. Know that infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia frequently have a reversible component to their airway obstruction 2. Know that children who had bronchopulmonary dysplasia as infants frequently have electrocardiograms compatible with right ventricular hypertrophy 3. Know that tracheobronchomalacia is a complication of bronchopulmonary dysplasia 5. Prevention and therapeutic approach