LIBRO + ANEXOS NEUMOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA

Neumología Pediátrica. Anexos ❚ 157 a. Prevention 1. Know the effects of surfactant replacement therapy on the incidence and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia b. Therapeutic approach 1. Know the effects of supplemental oxygen therapy on growth and pulmonary vascular pressures 2. Know that infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia frequently require higher-than-usual caloric intakes 3. Understand the value and risks of administering corticosteroids systemically to facilitate extubation in ventilator-dependent infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia 4. Know that diuretics can be beneficial in patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia 5. Understand the influence of feeding or sleep state on systemic oxygenation in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia 6. Differentiate ventilatory strategies that are appropriate in the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia from those that are effective in patients with hyaline membrane disease 7. Understand the concept of "controlled hypoventilation" in the management of patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia who are receiving assisted ventilation c. Side effects of therapy 1. Recognize the side effects of chronic corticosteroid therapy in infancy 2. Recognize the side effects of diuretic therapy in patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (i.e., metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, hypercalciuria, osteopenia) 6. Prognosis a. Natural history b. Prognosis with therapy 1. Know that school-age children who had bronchopulmonary dysplasia as infants can have evidence of airflow limitation and air trapping on pulmonary function tests 2. Know that school-age children who had bronchopulmonary dysplasia as infants have a high incidence of bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine by inhalation M. Pulmonary vascular diseases in childhood 1. Cor pulmonale a. Epidemiology b. Etiology 1. Know the conditions most commonly associated with the development of cor pulmonale at various ages c. Pathophysiology 1. Pathology a. Recognize the pathophysiologic features of the heart that characterize cor pulmonale 2. Path mechanisms and consequences