LIBRO + ANEXOS NEUMOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA

Neumología Pediátrica. Anexos ❚ 159 4. Know that pulmonary edema can occur due to altered pulmonary endothelial cell permeability characteristics 5. Know that pulmonary edema can occur at high altitudes c. Pathophysiology 1. Pathology a. Know that pulmonary edema fluid may be blood tinged b. Know how to distinguish between cardiogenic and permeability pulmonary edema c. Identify the forces that promote fluid influx from the capillary bed into the interstitial spaces 2. Path mechanisms and consequences a. Know that pulmonary edema can produce a restrictive and/or obstructive defect measured by standard pulmonary function tests b. Understand that pulmonary edema can cause V\Q mismatch c. Understand that pulmonary edema can cause small airway obstruction and wheezing d. Know that impaired lymphatic drainage may be associated with pulmonary edema d. Diagnosis and clinical manifestations 1. History a. Recognize the symptoms associated with pulmonary edema 2. Physical examination a. Recognize the physical findings associated with pulmonary edema 3. Imaging a. Recognize the radiographic features of pulmonary edema b. Differentiate the radiographic pattern of cardiogenic pulmonary edema from pulmonary edema due to altered capillary permeability 4. Pulmonary function tests 5. Other investigations a. Recognize the role of Swan-Ganz catheter measurements in the evaluation of pulmonary edema 6. Diagnostic criteria 7. Complications a. Know that low oncotic pressure reduces the pulmonary vascular pressure at which pulmonary edema develops b. Know that pulmonary edema increases pulmonary vascular resistance c. Know that pulmonary edema increases airway resistance e. Prevention and therapeutic approach 1. Prevention 2. Therapeutic approach a. Know the supportive therapy for pulmonary edema b. Know that positive end-expiratory pressure redistributes but does not reduce lung water content in patients with pulmonary edema f. Prognosis 1. Natural history 2. Prognosis with therapy