LIBRO + ANEXOS NEUMOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA

Libro Blanco de las ACES Pediátricas 2024 160 ❚ 3. Pulmonary emboli/infarction a. Epidemiology 1. Recognize the clinical factors that predispose a patient to pulmonary thromboembolism b. Etiology/genetics 1. Recognize the clinical entities associated with pulmonary thrombosis 2. Identify the causes of pulmonary emboli in children 3. Recognize the genetic diseases that predispose children to pulmonary emboli c. Pathophysiology 1. Pathology a. Recognize histologic features of pulmonary infarction b. Recognize the pathologic changes resulting from a large pulmonary embolus 2. Path mechanisms and consequences a. Know that recurrent thromboembolic events can lead to pulmonary hypertension b. Understand the changes in gas exchange that occur immediately following pulmonary thromboembolism c. Understand the hemodynamic response to acute pulmonary embolism d. Understand that lung ischemia followed by reperfusion may produce free radicals and cause further lung injury e. Understand the role of bronchial blood flow during pulmonary embolism in maintaining perfusion to lung tissue distal to the embolus d. Diagnosis and clinical manifestations 1. History a. Recognize the clinical features of pulmonary infarction b. Recognize the clinical features of massive pulmonary embolus involving large pulmonary vessels 2. Physical examination a. Recognize the physical findings associated with massive pulmonary embolus 3. Imaging a. Know the diagnostic techniques used to document the presence of pulmonary vascular obstruction due to emboli b. Recognize the value of spiral (helical) computed tomography with contrast in the diagnosis of a pulmonary embolus 4. Pulmonary function tests a. Recognize the effect of pulmonary embolism on end-tidal PCO2 compared to arterial PCO2 5. Other investigations 6. Diagnostic criteria 7. Complications e. Prevention and therapeutic approach 1. Prevention a. Know the role of low molecular weight heparin in the prevention of pulmonary embolism in immobilized patients 2. Therapeutic approach