LIBRO + ANEXOS NEUMOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA

Libro Blanco de las ACES Pediátricas 2024 162 ❚ a. Understand the hemodynamic responses to pulmonary vasodilators in patients with pulmonary hypertension b. Understand the role of oxygen in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension c. Know the various pharmacologic agents used to treat pulmonary hypertension d. Understand the mechanisms of action of different pharmacologic agents used to treat pulmonary hypertension 3. Side effects of therapy a. Recognize dangers of pulmonary vasodilators in patients with pulmonary venous obstruction b. Recognize the side effects of the pharmacologic agents used to treat pulmonary hypertension f. Prognosis 1. Prognosis with therapy a. Know that although the prognosis for primary pulmonary hypertension is poor, long-term survival has improved with newer pharmacologic treatments and that lung transplantation is a possible treatment 5. Pulmonary hemorrhage and hemosiderosis a. Epidemiology 1. Recognize the causes of hemoptysis and pulmonary hemorrhage in childhood b. Etiology/genetics 1. Know the differential diagnosis of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in childhood 2. Understand that idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is a diagnosis of exclusion 3. Understand that hemoptysis can result from focal or diffuse hemorrhage from airways or lung parenchyma 4. Understand that bleeding in the lung can arise from the high-pressure bronchial circulation or the low-pressure pulmonary circulation 5. Know the different diagnostic considerations between massive and minor hemoptysis c. Pathophysiology 1. Pathology a. Recognize the pulmonary histopathologic changes (including immunofluorescent findings) associated with Goodpasture syndrome b. Recognize the pulmonary histopathologic features of pulmonary capillaritis c. Recognize the pulmonary histopathologic features of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis d. Be able to recognize a hemosiderin-laden macrophage 2. Path mechanisms and consequences a. Recognize the changes in bronchial circulation that occur due to bronchiectasis and understand how this may lead to hemoptysis b. Understand the effects of pulmonary hemorrhage on gas exchange c. Know the time course for the production of hemosiderin-laden macrophages d. Diagnosis and clinical manifestations 1. History a. Recognize clinical features suggestive of acute, recurrent, and chronic alveolar hemorrhage