LIBRO + ANEXOS NEUMOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA

Libro Blanco de las ACES Pediátricas 2024 164 ❚ 6. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations a. Know the clinical presentation of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation and its association with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia N. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 1. Epidemiology 2. Etiology/genetics a. Recognize the clinical conditions associated with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in children 3. Pathophysiology a. Pathology 1. Recognize the pathologic features of acute respiratory distress syndrome b. Path mechanisms and consequences 1. Understand the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (including an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to increased alveolar capillary permeability) 2. Know the mechanisms involved in the repair processes in patients with ARDS 3. Know the conditions associated with an increased alveolar- arterial PO2 difference 4. Know that the definition of ARDS includes normal left atrial pressure 5. Know the role of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) in alveolar fluid reabsorption 6. Recognize the abnormalities in surfactant function and metabolism in patients with ARDS 4. Diagnosis and clinical manifestations a. History 1. Know that acute respiratory distress syndrome can occur in neutropenic patients b. Physical examination 1. Recognize the physical findings typical of acute respiratory distress syndrome c. Imaging 1. Recognize the features of acute respiratory distress syndrome on x-ray study of the chest d. Pulmonary function tests 1. Understand the changes in lung mechanics associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome e. Other investigations 1. Know the effects of PEEP on pulmonary artery occlusion pressure measurements during hemodynamic monitoring in a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome f. Diagnostic criteria 1. Know that a ratio of PaO2/FIO2 < 300 defines acute lung injury and a PaO2/FIO2 < 200 reflects acute respiratory distress syndrome g. Complications 1. Recognize complications associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome 5. Prevention and therapeutic approach a. Prevention b. Therapeutic approach