LIBRO + ANEXOS NEUMOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA

Neumología Pediátrica. Anexos ❚ 165 1. Know the supportive measures used to treat acute respiratory distress syndrome (eg, fluid therapy) 2. Know that prophylactic positive end-expiratory pressure does not prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome 3. Understand the effect of nitric oxide inhalation on the pulmonary vasculature 4. Know that PEEP can increase oxygenation in ARDS without decreasing the total lung water content 5. Recognize the lung-protective strategies (ventilation with low tidal volumes {6 mL/kg} and a plateau inspiratory pressure < 30 cm H2O) that improve outcomes in patients with established ARDS c. Side effects of therapy 1. Understand that ventilation with high tidal volumes can increase circulating levels of inflammatory mediators that contribute to multiple organ system failure 6. Prognosis a. Natural history 1. Know that multi-organ failure increases mortality associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome 2. Identify the modes of death associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome 3. Know the time course of pulmonary dysfunction in acute respiratory distress syndrome 4. Know that Gram-negative pneumonia and sepsis are frequent prodromal conditions in acute respiratory distress syndrome 5. Know the mortality associated with various causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome b. Prognosis with therapy 1. Recognize the long-term pulmonary function abnormalities in survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome O. Pulmonary manifestations of immunosuppression 1. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome a. Epidemiology 1. Know the groups of patients that are at increased risk for the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related lung disease b. Etiology/Genetics 1. Know the common routes of human immunodeficiency virus infection in the neonatal and pediatric age groups c. Pathophysiology 1. Pathology a. Know that lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis/pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia are common forms of lung disease related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome b. Know that bronchiectasis can occur in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 2. Path mechanisms and consequences a. Understand the alterations in lymphocyte subtype numbers that occur in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome