LIBRO + ANEXOS NEUMOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA

Libro Blanco de las ACES Pediátricas 2024 178 ❚ a. Epidemiology b. Etiology/genetics c. Pathophysiology 1. Pathology a. Know the primary tumors of the respiratory system during childhood b. Identify the tumors that metastasize to the lung in children c. Know which lymph nodes drain the right and left lungs 2. Path mechanisms and consequences d. Diagnosis and clinical manifestations 1. History 2. Physical examination 3. Imaging a. Be able to localize tumors on computed tomography (CT scan) of the chest 4. Pulmonary function tests 5. Other investigations 6. Diagnostic criteria 7. Complications e. Prevention and therapeutic approach 1. Prevention 2. Therapeutic approach 3. Side effects of therapy a. Recognize the adverse pulmonary side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs f. Prognosis 1. Natural history 2. Prognosis with therapy 4. Trauma a. Know that the majority of chest trauma injuries in children are caused by blunt trauma sustained during an automobile accident b. Know that in children (as opposed to adults), serious intrathoracic injury often occurs in the absence of obvious chest wall injury (eg, rib fractures) following blunt trauma c. Know the common consequences of severe blunt chest trauma (eg, pneumothorax, hemothorax, airway obstruction, cardiac tamponade, flail chest, tracheobronchial tears, pulmonary contusion, ruptured diaphragm) d. Recognize the physical findings characteristic of a flail chest e. Know the appropriate management of a flail chest f. Recognize the clinical features of pulmonary contusion g. Know the natural history of pulmonary contusion h. Recognize the radiologic manifestations of pulmonary contusion i. Recognize the signs and symptoms of a traumatic tracheobronchial rupture j. Know the diagnostic and therapeutic options for a traumatic tracheobronchial tear (eg, jet or oscillatory ventilation) k. Know that following fractures of long bones, fat embolism may cause adult respiratory distress syndrome l. Know that the classic clinical triad of fat embolism includes respiratory insufficiency, neurologic dysfunction, and petechiae