LIBRO + ANEXOS NEUMOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA

Libro Blanco de las ACES Pediátricas 2024 186 ❚ c. Understand that forced oscillometry can be used to measure bronchodilator response in infants D. Invasive procedures 1. Bronchoscopy a. Flexible vs. rigid 1. Recognize the indications for rigid and for flexible bronchoscopy b. Indications and risks 1. Recognize complications of bronchoscopy in children 2. Understand the importance of correcting coagulation abnormalities prior to bronchoscopy 3. Know the monitoring requirements for a patient undergoing flexible or rigid bronchoscopy 4. Understand the importance of laryngeal anesthesia prior to bronchoscopic instrumentation 5. Understand the need for, and risks of, sedation in fiberoptic bronchoscopy c. Anatomic structure-static and dynamic 1. Understand how airway dimensions fluctuate with respiratory efforts during bronchoscopy 2. Understand how sedation affects pharyngeal and laryngeal dynamics 3. Understand how the presence of the bronchoscope in the airway affects airway dynamics 4. Recognize the bronchoscopic appearance of the normal airway and various airway disorders d. Culture techniques 1. Understand the risks of contamination of specimens of airway secretions obtained by bronchoscopy 2. Know which infectious agents can be cultured from the airways and which can be identified by staining characteristics e. Bronchoalveolar lavage 1. Know the normal cell population in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 2. Know the cell population in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in disease states 3. Recognize the indications for bronchoalveolar lavage in immunocompromised patients 4. Recognize the indications for bronchoalveolar lavage to diagnose noninfectious pulmonary disorders 5. Recognize the complications of bronchoalveolar lavage f. Transbronchial biopsy 1. Understand the indications for and limitations of transbronchial and endobronchial biopsy g. Lung biopsy 1. Recognize the histologic appearance of various pathogens on open lung biopsy 2. Understand the indications for and risks associated with open lung biopsy 3. Recognize the histologic appearance of normal lung 4. Understand the indications for and risks associated with thoracoscopic lung biopsy 2. Vascular sampling/access