LIBRO + ANEXOS NEUMOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA

Neumología Pediátrica. Anexos ❚ 219 c. Diagnosis 1. Recognize the implications of the Davenport diagram and blood buffer line in the interpretation of arterial blood gas values 3. Respiratory alkalosis (acute and chronic) a. Causes 1. Understand that respiratory alkalosis can be caused by acute hyperventilation b. Treatment 1. Know the therapy for acute respiratory alkalosis (hyperventilation) c. Diagnosis 1. Recognize manifestations of salicylate intoxication on arterial blood gas analysis 4. Metabolic acidosis (acute and chronic) a. Causes 1. Recognize the clinical causes of metabolic acidosis (renal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, ingestion, intravenous fluid therapy) 2. Be able to distinguish between an anion gap metabolic acidosis and a nonanion gap (hyperchloremic) metabolic acidosis 3. Be able to describe the causes and basic pathophysiology of both iatrogenic and endogenous hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis 4. Be able to describe the causes and simple pathophysiology of anion gap metabolic acidosis (eg, methanol, uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, paraldehyde, iron, isoniazid (INH), lactic acid, ethanol, ethylene glycol, salicylates) b. Treatment 1. Recognize the effects of sodium bicarbonate administration on CO2 production in patients with lung disease 2. Recognize the risks of bicarbonate administration in metabolic acidosis c. Diagnosis 5. Metabolic alkalosis (acute and chronic) a. Causes 1. Recognize the role of chloride loss in causes of metabolic alkalosis (eg, cystic fibrosis, diuretics) 2. Know the causes of metabolic alkalosis, including chronic diuretic therapy and chronic hypercapnia 3. Understand the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in maintaining a contraction alkalosis b. Treatment 1. Know how to treat metabolic alkalosis 2. Know when to treat metabolic alkalosis (i.e., patients on digitalis preparations, with low ionized calcium and/or magnesium, with low potassium, with ventilatory drive suppression) c. Diagnosis 1. Recognize manifestations of metabolic alkalosis on arterial blood gas analysis 6. In vivo vs in vitro CO2 dissociation curve D. Exercise physiology (see II.C.) 10. Respiratory Mechanics A. Static respiratory system mechanics