LIBRO + ANEXOS NEUMOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA

Libro Blanco de las ACES Pediátricas 2024 222 ❚ b. Understand the difference between airway resistance and total respiratory system resistance c. Know various methods of measuring airway and respiratory system resistance d. Understand how airway resistance varies as a function of lung volume e. Know changes in specific airway conductance during the first year after birth 3. Maximal flows/flow limitation a. Know that maximal expiratory flow over much of the vital capacity range is relatively effort independent b. Appreciate the relationship between the maximal expiratory flow-volume curve and the forced spirogram c. Know that maximal expiratory flow at a given lung volume is a function of airway geometry, airway wall compliance, and lung recoil d. Appreciate that maximal expiratory flow is a function of lung volume over most of the vital capacity range, while maximal inspiratory flow is relatively independent of lung volume e. Appreciate that with increasing expiratory flow, pressure within the airways becomes lower than pleural pressure and the airways therefore narrow f. Understand how maximal expiratory flow varies as a function of gas density and viscosity g. Understand the basic mechanisms of maximum expiratory flow limitation h. Know that obstructive diseases causing a heterogeneous distribution of time constants in the lung will result in a flow volume plot that is convex to the volume axis (i.e., 'scooped out' in appearance) C. Work of breathing 1. Know that the work of breathing is related to the area of a dynamic pressure-volume curve 2. Know the components (elastic and resistive) of the work of breathing 3. Know how the optimal respiratory rate/tidal volume combination for a given minute ventilation changes in obstructive lung disease 4. Know how the optimal respiratory rate/tidal volume combination for a given minute ventilation changes in restrictive lung disease 5. Know the equation of motion of the lung over normal breathing frequencies 11. Control of Breathing A. Peripheral receptors 1. Chemoreceptors a. Carotid bodies 1. Location a. Know the location of the carotid bodies 2. Innervation a. Know the primary afferent innervation of the carotid bodies 3. Structure a. Know that the carotid body has a very high blood flow per gram of tissue b. Know the blood supply of the carotid bodies 4. Physiology a. Know that the peripheral chemoreceptors are the main arterial oxygen sensors in mammals